Published 2026-04-30
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Abstract
This research article presents a unique contribution to the existing body of knowledge as it examines the concept of openness within an open distance e-learning (ODeL) institution in South Africa, through the lens of Moore’s theory of transactional distance. As one of the world’s largest ODeL providers, which serves over 400,000 students annually, the institution embodies both the promise and perils of scaling distance education in the Global South. The study focuses on the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) systems and investigates how such integration either reduces or exacerbates transactional distance, which may enable or constrain openness. The theory is guided by three core elements: dialogue, structure, and autonomy. The research explores stakeholder perspectives to understand how ICT systems influence equitable access, meaningful interaction, and learner agency. Specifically, the research seeks to understand how integration processes for ICT systems can be managed to promote openness and contribute to student success. In addition, the study explores the viewpoints of lecturers, students, and the ICT personnel on openness within the institution. This qualitative research approach involves data collection through email interviews, focus group discussions, and evaluation questions. The findings reveal that true openness in ODeL is not guaranteed by digital delivery alone but depends on deliberate efforts to reduce transactional distance through reliable infrastructure, inclusive design, and responsive support. These findings have implications for educational institutions and prompt a review of distance learning strategies to enhance relevance, adapt to technological advancements, and encourage a conducive open distance teaching and learning context.
Keywords: distance education, Information communication technology (ICT), ICT systems integration, higher education institutions, open distance e-learning (ODeL), openness, student success
Repenser l’ouverture dans une institution de FOAD à grande échelle : influence de l’intégration de dispositifs technologiques sur la distance transactionnelle et l’équité étudiante dans le Sud global
Résumé : Cet article de recherche apporte une contribution originale à la littérature existante en examinant le concept d’ouverture au sein d’une institution de formation ouverte et à distance (FOAD) en Afrique du Sud, à la lumière de la théorie de la distance transactionnelle de Moore. Étant l’un des plus grands fournisseurs de FOAD au monde, accueillant plus de 400 000 étudiants par an, cette institution incarne à la fois les promesses et les défis liés à la mise à l’échelle de l’enseignement à distance dans le Sud global. L’étude porte sur l’intégration de technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et examine dans quelle mesure les dispositifs technologiques intégrés permettent de réduire ou, au contraire, d’accentuer la distance transactionnelle, pouvant ainsi favoriser ou contraindre l’ouverture. La théorie mobilisée repose sur trois éléments fondamentaux: le dialogue, la structure et l’autonomie. La recherche explore les perspectives des différentes parties prenantes afin de comprendre comment les dispositifs technologiques influencent l’équité d’accès, la qualité des interactions et l’agentivité des apprenants. Plus précisément, l’étude vise à comprendre comment les processus d’intégration des TIC peuvent être gérés de manière à promouvoir l’ouverture et à contribuer à la réussite étudiante. Elle examine également les points de vue des enseignants, des étudiants et du personnel technique sur la notion d’ouverture au sein de l’institution. Cette recherche qualitative s’appuie sur la collecte de données par le biais d’entretiens par courriel, de groupes de discussion et de questions d’évaluation. Les résultats montrent que la véritable ouverture en FOAD ne peut être garantie par la seule modalité numérique, mais qu’elle dépend d’efforts intentionnels visant à réduire la distance transactionnelle grâce à des infrastructures fiables, une conception inclusive et des dispositifs de soutien réactifs. Ces résultats ont des implications pour les établissements d’enseignement supérieur et invitent à une révision des stratégies de formation à distance afin d’en accroître la pertinence, de s’adapter aux avancées technologiques et de favoriser un contexte propice à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage ouverts à distance.
Mots-clés : enseignement à distance, technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC), intégration de dispositifs technologiques, établissements d’enseignement supérieur, formation ouverte et à distance (FOAD), ouverture, réussite étudiante
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